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Vol. 71, No. 10
 
ISSN: 1488-2159
 
November 2005

 

Ankylosis of Traumatized Permanent Incisors: Pathogenesis and Current Approaches to Diagnosis and Management

FULL TEXT

• Karen M. Campbell, DDS, MSc, FRCD(C) •
• Michael J. Casas, DDS, DPaed, MSc, FRCD(C) •
• David J. Kenny, BSc, DDS, DPaed, PhD, FRCD(C) •

A b s t r a c t

Ankylosis is a known complication of replanted or severely intruded permanent incisors
and can be diagnosed by the characteristic sound emitted when the tooth is tapped. The
ankylosed incisor demonstrates a lack of physiologic mobility and, later, radiographic evidence
of replacement resorption. If the patient is pre-adolescent or adolescent at the time
of trauma, infraocclusion relative to adjacent teeth will become apparent during jaw
growth. Despite considerable knowledge about the pathogenesis of ankylosis garnered
from animal studies and observation of human replanted teeth, there is no known treatment
to arrest this condition. Management techniques and rehabilitation options for
addressing ankylosis and its consequences are supported by little evidence, do not appear
to be widely adopted and do not offer any proven long-term benefit. Avulsion and severe
intrusion of permanent incisors are rare injuries. Should the decision be made to intervene
by replantation or reduction of the intrusion, the clinician must be prepared to diagnose
ankylosis, identify its negative consequences and develop treatment plans accordingly.

 

MeSH Key Words: diagnosis; incisor/pathology; tooth ankylosis; treatment outcome
 
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